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7.1
Chapter 7.1

Hybrid vehicle design

John Fenton and Ron Hodkinson

7.1.1 Introduction 7.1.2 Hybrid-drive prospects

The hybrid-drive concept appears in many forms A neat description of the problems of hybrid-drive
depending on the mix of energy sources and propulsion vehicles has come out of the results of the 3 year
systems used on the vehicle. The term can be used for HYZEM research programme undertaken by European
drives taking energy from two separate energy sources, manufacturers (Fig. 7.1-2). According to Rover partici-
1
for series or parallel drive configurations or any combi- pants , controlled comparisons of different hybrid-drive
nation of these. Here the layout and development of configurations, using verified simulation tools, are able to
systems for cars and buses are described in terms of drive highlight the profitable fields of development needed
configuration and package-design case studies of recent- to arrive at a fully competitive hybrid-drive vehicle
year introductions.

7.1.1.1 The hybrid vehicle

This solution is considered by coauthor Ron Hodkinson
to be a short-term remedy to the pollution problem. It
has two forms, parallel and series hybrid, which he il-
lustrates in Fig. 7.1-1. Conventionally, parallel hybrids
are used in lower power electric vehicles where both
drives can be operated in parallel to enhance high power
performance. Series hybrids are used in high power
systems. Typically, a gas turbine drives a turbo-alternator
to feed electricity into the electric drive. It is this type of
drive that would be used on trucks between 150 kW and
1000 kW. In pollution and fuel economy terms, hybrid
technology should be able to deliver two-thirds fuel con-
sumption and one-third noxious emission levels of IC
engined vehicles. This technology would just about main-
tain the overall emissions status quo in 10 years overall. If
hybrid vehicles were used on battery only in cities, this
would have a major impact on local pollution levels. Fig. 7.1-1 Types of hybrid drive.
Lightweight Electric/Hybrid Vehicle Design; ISBN: 9780750650922
Copyright Ó 2001 John Fenton and Ron Hodkinson; All rights of reproduction, in any form, reserved.