Page 813 - Automotive Engineering Powertrain Chassis System and Vehicle Body
P. 813
Index
Trilok converter, 122, 124 noise, see Airborne tyre noise
Trip information computer, 805–7 non-uniformity, 305–6
Trunnion-mounted/cradled machines, 21–2, 23 overturning moment, and displacement of point of
Tube hydroforming, 621–4 application of force, 320–1
Tubeless/tubed tyres, 289–90 requirements, 285
Twin-silencer exhaust system, 767 commercial vehicle requirements, 286
Twist-beam suspension, 238, 240 interchangeability, 285–6
Twisted nematic liquid crystal, 795 passenger car requirements, 286
Two-degree-of-freedom model, linear analysis of, 336 resulting force coefficient, 316–17
linear steady-state cornering solutions, 337–9 road condition, 314
pneumatic trail, influence of, 339–43 rolling force coefficients and sliding friction:
friction coefficients and factors, 308–9
Two-loop driver model, 513, 514
Two-pole system, 725 road influences, 309–10
slip, 308
Two-stroke-cycle diesel engine, 12–14 rolling resistance:
and four-stroke-cycle diesel engine, comparison of, 14 during cornering, 307–8
Two-stroke-cycle petrol engine, 7, 8 in straight-line driving, 306–7
crankcase disc-valve and reed-valve inlet charge control, 8–9 influencing variables, 308
and four-stroke-cycle petrol engines, comparison of, 9–10 self-steering properties, of vehicles, 311–12
reverse-flow (Schnuerle) scavenging, 7–8 springing behaviour, 304–5
Two-way catalytic conversion, 56
torque steer effects, 321
Two-way catalytic converter, 56–7 kinematics and elastokinematics, effect of, 322
Tyre–ground adhesion: as result of changes in normal force, 322
efficiency as function of, 375
resulting from tyre aligning torque, 322
Tyre load capacity designation, 294 track width change, 314
Tyre pressure, 319 tyre self-aligning torque:
determination, 294 and caster offset, 318–19
limit values, 297 front wheels, influences on, 319
profiles, 298–300 in general, 318
Tyre-pull phenomenon, 325 vertical force, variations in, 314
Tyre–road friction, 370–1 and wheels:
Tyre self-aligning torque: concepts, 300
and caster offset, 318–19 rims for passenger cars, light commercial vehicles and
front wheels, influences on: trailers, 300–1
dry roads, 319 wheel mountings, 303–4
icy roads, 319 wheels for passenger cars, light commercial vehicles and
longitudinal forces, 319 trailers, 301–3
tyre pressure, 319
wet roads, 319
in general, 318 UK EVA practice for CVS, 164
Tyre sidewall markings, 297 Ultralight steel auto body (ULSAB), 540, 541
Unburnt hydrocarbons, 53, 69–70
Tyres, 584 Underdamped, 396
camber change, 314–16 Underfloor chassis frame, 528–34
characteristics, 325, 326–8 Underhood ventilation, 669
coefficients of friction and slip, 312–13 Unique Mobility, 196
cross-section ratio H/W, 314 hybrid bus, 196, 197
designs: United Solar Systems, 149
diagonal ply tyres, 287
dimensions and markings, 290–3 University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute
height-to-width ratio, 290 (UMTRI), 327
load capacities and inflation pressures, 294–7 UNO regulation ECE-R, 3, 285
profiles, 298–300 US Federal test procedures, evolution of, 54–6
radial ply tyres, 287–9 US tyres and discontinued sizes for passenger cars, designations
rolling circumference and driving speed, 297–8 of, 291–2
speedometer, influence of tyre on, 298
tubeless or tubed, 289–90 V8 Quattro, 241
tyre sidewall markings, 297 Vacuum degassing, 640
lateral cornering force properties, on dry road, 313–14 Vacuum-fluorescent display (VFD), 797–8
lateral force, friction coefficients and slip angle, 310–11 Vacuum-operated actuator, 401–2
lateral force due to camber, 316 Valve timing diagrams, 6–7
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