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The awakening time
Ke et al. (2015) also propose a formula to determine the awakening time
(assuming a mainly convex trajectory, as in Fig. 5.8). For each point (t, c(t)),
t, t m , they determine the distance to the recognition line, given as d t :

ðc m 2 cð0ÞÞt 2 t m ðcðtÞ 2 tð0ÞÞ
d t 5 q ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi (5.14)
2
ðc m 2cð0ÞÞ 1 t 2
m
The time t a for which d t is at a maximum is then called the awakening
time (see Fig. 5.8). We observe that the awakening time is more
stable than B(T) which may fluctuate more. This is especially true when
an article is a clear sleeping beauty. The fact that sleeping beauties in the
general sense are not as rare as thought before (Ke et al., 2015) is another
warning that research evaluation based on short-term citation metrics
should be considered with caution.

5.15 A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE WEB OF SCIENCE
The WoS used to be a part of Thomson Reuters’ Web of Knowledge.
This term is not used anymore. Instead, the same platform has been
renamed WoS. The original WoS database is called WoS Core Collection.
The Journal Citations Reports (JCR), Essential Science Indicators (ESI),
and InCites Benchmarking & Analytics were Thomson Reuters’ analyti-
cal databases, but they became part of a new platform called InCites.
Besides the WoS Core Collection, which includes the SCI, the SSCI,
the A&HCI, the CPCI-S, the Conference Proceedings Citation Index
Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH), the Book Citation Index
Science (BCI-S), the Book Citation Index Social Sciences &
Humanities (BCI-SSH), the ESCI, Current Chemical Reactions and
Index Chemicus (IC), the WoS contains: Current Contents Connect,
BIOSIS Citation Index, Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, the Data
Citation Index, Derwent Innovations Index, CAB Abstracts, CAB Global
Health, the Chinese Science Citation Database, INSPEC, FSTA-Food
Science & Technology Abstracts, Medline, KCI: the Korean Journal
Database, the Russian Citation Index, SciELO Citation Index and
Zoological Record.
Since 2016 all these databases have moved to Clarivate Analytics.
Although the WoS Core Collection goes back to 1900 the part that is
actually available to a researcher depends on the contract which his