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Indicators
Table 7.12 An illustration of the calculation of the eight type (publication-
chronological time series with fixed citation window w), with w 5 3; M 5 5, N 5 4;
and the ninth type (publication-chronological time series with fixed, and equal,
publication and citation windows w), with w 5 3 and M 5 N 5 5
Publication Y Y+1 Y+2 Y+3 Publication Y Y+1 Y+2 Y+3 Y+4
year (row) year (row)
Citation year Citation year
(column) (column)
Y Y
Y+1 Y+1
Y+2 Y+2
Y+3 Y+3
Y+4 Y+4
Y Y+1 Y+2 Y+3 Y Y+1 Y+2 Y+3 Y+4
Y Y
Y+1 Y+1
Y+2 Y+2
Y+3 Y+3
Y+4 Y+4
Y Y+1 Y+2 Y+3 Y Y+1 Y+2 Y+3 Y+4
Y Y
Y+1 Y+1
Y+2 Y+2
Y+3 Y+3
Y+4 Y+4
Y Y+1 Y+2 Y+3 Y Y+1 Y+2 Y+3 Y+4
Y Y
Y+1 Y+1
Y+2 Y+2
Y+3 Y+3
Y+4 Y+4
The eighth time series is a publication-chronological time series with
fixed citation window (w). In Table 7.12 w 5 3. It is a diachronous time
series, similar to the first case, but now with a fixed window, so that
publication years are treated in the same way. If w 5 1 one obtains a series
related to the immediacy index (if data refer to journal citations and
publications). An example of this publication-chronological time series is
presented in Gupta (1997) using a window of 5 years and steps of 10 years
between publication years (and using percentages with respect to all
citations). The ninth type is a publication-chronological time series with