Page 139 - Bio Engineering Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

6.2 Photothermal therapy 137

Table 6.1 PPT application of gold nanostructures in NIR region. (Cont.)
Type Targeting agent Results Ref
GNC Anti-Her2 antibody, PEG (1) Selective photothermal destruction [25]
of cancer cells
Anti-Her2 antibody (1) The number of GNSs were needed [26]
per cell were optimized
(2) The power density of laser and
exposure time were optimized to
improve PTT outcomes
PEG (1) After one minute of laser irradiation, [27]
the temperature of the tumor
increased to 50°C
(2) Irreversible cell damage and
metabolic change in mice model
were observed after exposing NIR
laser irradiation
(3) Utilizing GNSs as a photoacoustic
contrast agent
Single wall carbon (1) Selective photothermal destruction of [28]
nanotube, A9RNA prostate cancer cells was observed
aptamers
GNST Anti-Her2 antibody (1) Successful targeting to cancer cells [31]
(2) Cancerous cells were destroyed after
5 min of 660 nm laser irradiation
GNST PEG (1) 5 min of continuous laser irradiation [32]
with power density of 15 W/cm at
2
980 nm wavelength were sufficient to
destroy abnormal cells lines in in vitro
(2) After 2 days, intravenous injection
of the nanoparticles led to their
accumulation in desired side
(3) 10 min of laser irradiation with power
2
density of 1.1 W/cm at 785 nm in
animal model was able to effectively
killed cancer cells
PEG, transactivator of (1) Effective penetrating to cancer cells [33]
transcription (TAT) in in vitro model
(2) Effective cells ablation was observed
after low energy laser irradiation

with CTAB in the conjugation process of PEG molecules improved circulation time
and retention ability in the tumorogenic side [22]. Another strategy to improve the
application of GNR in PTT is the construction of a silica shell around the GNR
which not only increases the thermal stability of GNR during NIR laser exposure
but creates the reservoirs for loading of hydrophobic drugs as well [23]. Also, the