Page 47 - Bio Engineering Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

CHAPTER

Immune assay assisted 3

cancer diagnostic

Chapter outline
3.1 Polyclonal antibody-based immune assays ........................................................... 45
3.2 Monoclonal antibody-based immune assays ......................................................... 47
3.2.1 Phage display ..................................................................................50
3.2.2 Serological proteome analysis (SERPA) ..............................................50
3.2.3 Multiple affinity protein profiling (mapping) ........................................51
3.2.4 Proteomic microarray .......................................................................51
3.3 Antibody-based microarray .................................................................................. 53
3.3.1 PTM and its role in cancer diagnosis ..................................................55
3.4 Antibody-based immunosensors ........................................................................... 58
3.5 Combination of imaging and immunodiagnostics ................................................... 61
3.5.1 Urine as a noninvasive body fluid ......................................................63

3.1 Polyclonal antibody-based immune assays

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Early detection represents
one of the most promising approaches to reducing the growing cancer difficulty. The
challenge consists of detecting tumors at early stages to make possible therapeutic
treatment before progression occurs. This aim is mostly important in high-risk popu-
lations in which the occurrence of this disease is significantly increased. For early
diagnosis to be a beneficial and practical approach, screening methods must satisfy
five basic requirements:
1. The method must show a high degree of precision with an acceptable cut-off
level defined and agreed.
2. Diagnosis should be possible at stages where disease is medicable.
3. The technique should enable discrimination between aggressive lesions
requiring treatment from harmless lesions, avoiding the trouble of
overdiagnosis.
4. The technique should be low-cost and well accepted by the target population
[1].
5. The technique should be reproducible and correctly calibrated to be applicable
[1,2].

Bio-Engineering Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817809-6.00003-0 45
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