Page 264 - Biofuels Refining and Performance

Cracking of Lipids for Fuels and Chemicals 243

80
Solid product Oil Reaction water Salt NCG

60
Product yield (mass%) 40

20

0
AS DS AM MBM
Figure 8.19 Mass yield of LTC products from different substrates. AS: Aerobically sta-
bilized sewage sludge; DS: digested sewage sludge; AM: animal meal; MBM: meat and
bone meal [60].

2
about 4 mm /s. The solid products consist of carbon, nonvolatile salts
(e.g., CaKPO ), and metal oxides or sulfides. Especially in the case of
4
AM and MBM, the solid product is of commercial interest due to its high
content of phosphate. It is free of proteins [59].
As with natural crude oils, the hydrocarbon mixtures obtained by
LTC of lipids containing biomass are of a highly complex composition.
For example, Fig. 8.20 shows the gas chromatogram of oil derived from

C8
Goschromatogramm dos gesamtols aus
C9 klarschlamm vaihingen
C 10 C 11 C 12 C 13 C 14 C 15 C 16 C 17 C 18 C 20

50°C 100°C 150°C 200°C 250°C
Figure 8.20 Chromatographic separation of oil derived from sewage sludge; separa-
tion was performed on OV101 capillary column 20 m 0.3 mm, split 1:25; tempera-
ture program 25 C (2 min), 4 C/min to 320 C.