Page 139 - Challenges in Corrosion Costs Causes Consequences and Control(2015)

DATA COLLECTION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 117

Infrastructure, $22.6 billion
Gas and liquid
transmission pipelines
($7.0 billion)
31%

Waterways
and ports
1%

Highway Hazardous
bridges materials
37% storage
31%

Figure 2.3 Annual cost of corrosion of gas and liquid transmission pipelines (15).

$2 billion for their concrete substructures, and $0.5 billion for painting steel bridges.
Indirect costs to the user, such as traffic delays and lost productivity were estimated
to be as high as ten times that of direct corrosion costs.

2.2.7.5.3 Gas and Liquid Transmission Pipelines Corrosion is the primary factor
affecting the longevity and reliability of pipelines that transport crucial energy sources
throughout the country. There are more than 528,000 of natural gas transmission and
gathering pipelines, 119,000 km (74,000 miles) of crude transmission and gathering
pipelines, and 13,200 km (82,000 miles) of hazardous liquid transmission pipelines.
The average annual corrosion-related cost estimated at $7 billion to monitor, replace,
and maintain the assets and the corrosion-related cost of operation and maintenance
amounted to $5 billion.

2.2.7.5.4 Waterways and Ports Waterways and ports play a vital role in moving
people and commerce in the United States. There is a total of 40,000 km (25,000
miles) of commercial navigable waterways that serve 41 states with hundreds of locks
that permit travel. Corrosion is found to occur on piers and docks, bulkheads and
retaining walls, mooring structures and navigational aids. On the basis of information
from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Coast Guard, the expenditure is
estimated at $0.3 billion. This estimate is considered to be low since corrosion costs
for harbor and other marine structures were not included.

2.2.7.5.5 Hazardous Materials Storage There are nearly 8.5 million aboveground
and underground storage tanks (USTS) that contain hazardous material. Govern-
ment has strict regulations on leaks of hazardous material from storage tanks into