Page 16 - Challenges in Corrosion Costs Causes Consequences and Control(2015)

xiv CONTENTS

4.30.3 External Coatings/Paint, 303
4.30.4 Internal Linings, 303
4.30.5 Cathodic Protection, 303
4.31 Food Processing, 303
4.32 Corrosion Forms in the Electronics Industry, 304
4.32.1 Cathodic Corrosion, 304
4.32.2 Pore-Creep in Electrical Contacts and Metallic Joints, 305
4.32.3 Fretting Corrosion of Separate Connectors with Tin
Finishes, 305
4.32.4 Galvanic Corrosion, 305
4.32.5 Micropitting on Aluminum, 305
4.32.6 Corrosion of Aluminum in Chlorinated Media, 306
4.32.7 Solder Corrosion, 306
4.32.8 Corrosion of Magnetic and Magneto-Optic Devices, 306
4.33 Home Appliances, 306
4.33.1 Corrosion Control by Sacrificial Anodes, 306
4.33.2 Corrosion Control by Corrosion-Resistant Materials, 307
4.33.3 Corrosion Control by Coatings and Paint, 308
4.34 Defense, 308
4.34.1 Army, 308
4.34.2 Navy, 311
4.34.3 Air Force, 311
4.35 Preventive Strategies, 312
References, 313

5 Consequences of Corrosion 317
5.1 Introduction, 317
5.2 Corrosion Studies, 317
5.2.1 The Battelle-NBS Study, 317
5.3 Corrosion Damage, Defects, and Failures, 325
5.3.1 Point Defects, 326
5.3.2 Line Defects, 327
5.3.3 Planar and Surface Defects, 327
5.3.4 Bulk Defects, 327
5.3.5 Fault, 327
5.3.6 Connector Corrosion, 327
5.3.7 Failure, 328
5.4 Age-Reliability Characteristics, 389
5.5 Historical Implications of Corrosion, 390
5.6 Social Implications of Corrosion, 392
5.7 The Nuclear Industry, 392
5.8 Fossil Fuel Energy Systems, 393
5.9 The Aerospace Industry, 393
5.10 The Electrical and Electronics Industry, 393