Page 11 - Challenges in Corrosion Costs Causes Consequences and Control(2015)

CONTENTS ix

1.7.19 Cavitation Erosion, 53
1.7.20 Impacting Bubbles, 54
1.7.21 Prevention, 55
1.7.22 Fretting Corrosion, 55
1.7.23 Mechanism of Fretting Corrosion, 56
1.7.24 Modeling Fretting Corrosion, 57
1.7.25 Fretting CF, 58
1.7.26 Prevention of Fretting Wear, 58
1.7.27 Testing, 59
1.7.28 Measurement of Wear and Corrosion, 59
1.7.29 Galling Stress, 59
1.7.30 CF, 59
1.7.31 Morphology of CF Ruptures, 60
1.7.32 Important Factors of CF, 61
1.7.33 Stresses, 61
1.7.34 Stress Ratio, 62
1.7.35 Material Factors, 62
1.7.36 Mechanism of CF, 63
1.7.37 Crack Initiation, 64
1.7.38 Crack Propagation, 65
1.7.39 Prevention of CF, 66
1.8 Environmentally Induced Cracking (EIC), 67
1.8.1 Testing of CF, 67
1.8.2 Types of Tests, 68
1.8.3 Sampling in CF Tests, 68
1.8.4 SCC, 69
1.8.5 Morphology, 70
1.8.6 Some Key Factors of SCC, 71
1.8.7 Material Properties in SCC, 72
1.8.8 Potential–pH Diagram and SCC, 72
1.8.9 Active–Passive Behavior and Susceptible Zone
of Potentials, 73
1.8.10 Electrode Potential and its Effect on Crack Growth, 74
1.8.11 Prevention of Hydrogen Damage, 87
References, 89
2 CORROSION COSTS 95

2.1 Introduction, 95
2.2 Data Collection and Economic Analysis, 96
2.2.1 The Uhlig Report (United States of America, 1949), 96
2.2.2 The Hoar Report (United Kingdom, 1970), 96
2.2.3 Report of the Committee on Corrosion and Protection
(Japan, 1977), 100
2.2.4 The Battelle-NBS Report (United States, 1978), 102