Page 14 - Challenges in Corrosion Costs Causes Consequences and Control(2015)

xii CONTENTS

4 Corrosion Control and Prevention 205
4.1 Introduction, 205
4.2 Protective Coatings, 205
4.2.1 Organic Coatings, 206
4.2.2 Metallic Coatings, 212
4.3 Metals and Alloys, 214
4.4 Corrosion Inhibitors, 216
4.4.1 Petroleum Production, Transportation, and Refining, 217
4.4.2 Pulp and Paper, 218
4.4.3 Iron and Steel, 218
4.4.4 Additives, 218
4.4.5 Deicers, 219
4.5 Engineering Composites and Plastics, 219
4.5.1 Composites, 219
4.5.2 Polyethylene, 220
4.5.3 Fluoropolymers, 221
4.6 Cathodic and Anodic Protection, 221
4.7 Services, 222
4.8 Research and Development, 223
4.9 Corrosion Control of Bridges, 223
4.9.1 Reinforced Concrete Bridges, 223
4.9.2 Steel Bridges, 237
4.10 Mitigating Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel in Underwater
Tunnels (36), 244
4.11 Corrosion of Underground Gas and Liquid Transmission
Pipelines, 244
4.11.1 Stray Current Corrosion, 245
4.11.2 Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC), 245
4.11.3 Mitigation of External Corrosion, 247
4.11.4 Operations and Maintenance, 248
4.11.5 Cost of Operation and Maintenance (Corrosion
Control), 250
4.11.6 Aging Coating, 251
4.11.7 Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC), 251
4.12 Gas Distribution, 254
4.12.1 Pipe Failures, 255
4.12.2 Plastic Pipe, 255
4.13 Waterways and Ports, 255
4.14 Hazardous Materials Storage, 257
4.14.1 Nuclear Waste Storage, 257
4.15 Corrosion Control of Storage Tanks, 260
4.15.1 Aboveground Storage Tanks–Internal Coatings, 260
4.15.2 Aboveground Storage Tanks–External Coatings, 262
4.15.3 Aboveground Storage Tanks–Cathodic Protection, 262