Page 389 - Challenges in Corrosion Costs Causes Consequences and Control(2015)
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CORROSION DAMAGE, DEFECTS, AND FAILURES 367
Figure 5.59 Failed bolt with dimples (19).
Figure 5.60 Fractured surface of a bolt from hard rock mine (19).
that for this rock bolt, corrosion was severe and probably contributed to the fail-
ure of the rock bolt. Figure 5.64 is a micrograph that shows typical equiaxial grains
free from plastic deformation. However, metallography through the fracture surface
shows the presence of elongated grains developed during shearing at failure (14, 27)
(Fig. 5.65).
Failure Analysis of 316 L Stainless Steel Tubing of a High-Pressure Steel
Condenser Corrosion problems occurred during ammonia recovery. Figure 5.66
shows the simplified view of a high-pressure still condenser. The HPS condenser is
made of 316 L seamless tubes of 25 mm diameter, 2.2 mm thick, and 6.4 in. long. The
tube ends are joined to the tube sheet (100 mm thick) to form a bundle that is welded
to the shell to make up the shell-tube condenser. The tubes are weld sealed at the
