Page 10 - Chemical engineering design

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7.4.3
290
Intergranular corrosion
7.4.4 Pitting CONTENTS 290
7.4.5 Effect of stress 290
7.4.6 Erosion-corrosion 291
7.4.7 High-temperature oxidation 291
7.4.8 Hydrogen embrittlement 292
7.5 Selection for corrosion resistance 292
7.6 Material costs 293
7.7 Contamination 294
7.7.1 Surface finish 295
7.8 Commonly used materials of construction 295
7.8.1 Iron and steel 295
7.8.2 Stainless steel 296
7.8.3 Nickel 298
7.8.4 Monel 299
7.8.5 Inconel 299
7.8.6 The Hastelloys 299
7.8.7 Copper and copper alloys 299
7.8.8 Aluminium and its alloys 299
7.8.9 Lead 300
7.8.10 Titanium 300
7.8.11 Tantalum 300
7.8.12 Zirconium 300
7.8.13 Silver 301
7.8.14 Gold 301
7.8.15 Platinum 301
7.9 Plastics as materials of construction for chemical plant 301
7.9.1 Poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) 302
7.9.2 Polyolefines 302
7.9.3 Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) 302
7.9.4 Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) 302
7.9.5 Glass-fibre reinforced plastics (GRP) 302
7.9.6 Rubber 303
7.10 Ceramic materials (silicate materials) 303
7.10.1 Glass 304
7.10.2 Stoneware 304
7.10.3 Acid-resistant bricks and tiles 304
7.10.4 Refractory materials (refractories) 304
7.11 Carbon 305
7.12 Protective coatings 305
7.13 Design for corrosion resistance 305
7.14 References 305
7.15 Nomenclature 307
7.16 Problems 307

8 Design Information and Data 309
8.1 Introduction 309
8.2 Sources of information on manufacturing processes 309
8.3 General sources of physical properties 311
8.4 Accuracy required of engineering data 312
8.5 Prediction of physical properties 313
8.6 Density 314
8.6.1 Liquids 314
8.6.2 Gas and vapour density (specific volume) 315
8.7 Viscosity 316
8.7.1 Liquids 316
8.7.2 Gases 320
8.8 Thermal conductivity 320
8.8.1 Solids 320
8.8.2 Liquids 321