Page 16 - Chemical engineering design

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CONTENTS
13.6
Design of vessels subject to external pressure
825
13.7 Compensation for openings and branches 822
13.7.1 Cylindrical shells 825
13.7.2 Design of stiffness rings 828
13.7.3 Vessel heads 829
13.8 Design of vessels subject to combined loading 831
13.8.1 Weight loads 835
13.8.2 Wind loads (tall vessels) 837
13.8.3 Earthquake loading 839
13.8.4 Eccentric loads (tall vessels) 840
13.8.5 Torque 841
13.9 Vessel supports 844
13.9.1 Saddle supports 844
13.9.2 Skirt supports 848
13.9.3 Bracket supports 856
13.10 Bolted flanged joints 858
13.10.1 Types of flange, and selection 858
13.10.2 Gaskets 859
13.10.3 Flange faces 861
13.10.4 Flange design 862
13.10.5 Standard flanges 865
13.11 Heat-exchanger tube-plates 867
13.12 Welded joint design 869
13.13 Fatigue assessment of vessels 872
13.14 Pressure tests 872
13.15 High-pressure vessels 873
13.15.1 Fundamental equations 873
13.15.2 Compound vessels 877
13.15.3 Autofrettage 878
13.16 Liquid storage tanks 879
13.17 Mechanical design of centrifuges 879
13.17.1 Centrifugal pressure 879
13.17.2 Bowl and spindle motion: critical speed 881
13.18 References 883
13.19 Nomenclature 885
13.20 Problems 889
14 General Site Considerations 892
14.1 Introduction 892
14.2 Plant location and site selection 892
14.3 Site layout 894
14.4 Plant layout 896
14.4.1 Techniques used in site and plant layout 897
14.5 Utilities 900
14.6 Environmental considerations 902
14.6.1 Waste management 902
14.6.2 Noise 905
14.6.3 Visual impact 905
14.6.4 Legislation 905
14.6.5 Environmental auditing 906
14.7 References 906

APPENDIX A: GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR PIPING SYSTEMS AND PLANT 908

APPENDIX B: CORROSION CHART 917
APPENDIX C: PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA BANK 937

APPENDIX D: CONVERSION FACTORS FOR SOME COMMON SI UNITS 958