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Figure 9. Signal (A, C) and aggregator (B, D) Web hits versus future prior art citations from
patents for licensed and unlicensed National Renewable Energy Laboratory patents

To determine if there is a significant difference between the citation and Web hit
signatures of the licensed versus unlicensed patents, the patents were analyzed using a
simple regression that incorporated a dummy variable to indicate if each patent was
licensed and determined the effect of being licensed on the correlation between citations
(γ) and Web hits (ω):

ω agg,sig = k (γ) + k (λ) + k (γλ) + b
2
3
1
21