Page 320 - Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Liver 311

A. Gluconeogenesis: overview

Gluco-
Amino acids
neogenesis
Muscle Liver Kidney
Cortisol
Glucagon
Epinephrine Insulin

Lactate
Glycogen 10%
Amino acids

Fructose Gluco- Glucose
neogenesis 90%
Galactose
Conversion
Glycerol Plasma
concentration
Fatty acids 4 – 6 mM

Not possible
in mammals
Adipose tissue

B. Fructose and galactose metabolism

HOCH 2
Fructose Glucose HO O Galactose
H
ATP OH H OH ATP
1 H 5
H OH
ADP ADP
Fructose 1- P Glucose 6- P Glucose 1- P 6 Galactose 1- P

2 Fructose 6- P

UDP-Galactose UDP-Glucose
Fructose 1,6-bis- P

7
Glycer- Glycer-
aldehyde Glycerone 3- P aldehyde 3- P

3 Glycolysis
+
NADH+H
4 + Pyruvate
NAD ATP ADP

Glycerol

1 Ketohexokinase 3 Triokinase 5 Galactokinase 7 UDPglucose
2.7.1.3 2.7.1.28 2.7.1.6 4-epimerase
5.1.3.2
2 Fructose-bisphosphate 4 Aldehyde reductase 6 Hexose-1-phosphate
aldolase 4.1.2.13 1.1.1.21 uridyltransferase
2.7.7.12

Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
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