Page 362 - Color Atlas of Biochemistry

Brain and sensory organs 353

A. Important neurotransmitters

O CH 3
Acetyl-
choline H C C O CH 2 CH 2 N CH 3
3
CH 3

COO
Amino Glutamate COO
acids: Glycine H 3 N C H
Dopa
(CH ) H N CH 2
3
22
COO Glutamate Glycine

Biogenic γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) H 3 N CH 2 H 3 N CH 2 H N CH 2
3
amines: Dopa CH 2
Dopamine CH 2 CH 2
Norepinephrine HO N
Epinephrine CH 2
Serotonine COO
Histamine N N
H H
GABA Serotonin Histamine

Peptides: β-Endorphin YGGFMTSEKSQTPLVTLFKNAITKNAYKKGE NH
Met- and Leu-enkephalin YGGFM und YGGFL N
Thyroliberin (TRH) <GHP-NH 2
Gonadoliberin (GnRH) <GHWSYGLRPG-NH 2 O CH 2
Substance P RPKPQQFFGLM H
Somatostatin AGCKNFFWKTFTSC N C C N
Angiotensin II DRVYIHPF O C N H C
H
Cholecystokinin (CCK-4) WMDF-NH 2 O C
and many others Pyroglutamate (<G) Thyroliberin O NH 2

Purine ATP A A A A
derivatives: ADP PP P P P P
AMP
Adenosine

B. Biosynthesis of the catecholamines

1 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [Fe 2 ,THB] 1.14.16.2 3 Dopamine β-monooxygenase[Cu] 1.14.17.1
2 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase 4 Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.1.1.28
(Dopa decarboxylase) [PLP] 4.1.1.28

Dehydro- S-Adenosyl- S-Adenosyl-
ascorbate methionine homocysteine
N A N A
P P
COO COO CO 2 Ascorbate CH 3
H N CH THB H 3 N CH H N H 3 N H 2 N
3 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2
CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 HO CH HO CH
1 2 3 4

O H O
O 2 H O OH OH 2 2 OH OH
2
OH OH OH OH OH

Tyrosine Dopa Dopamine Norepinephrine Epinephrine

Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme
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