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298 Communication Theory & Research
Canninga, L., 107, 108 computer technology, 160, 262
capital flows, 24 see also information and communications
Cappella, J., 114 technology; Internet
cartoons, 209, 210, 217 Comte, A., 174
case studies, 67 consent, manufacture of, 147–8, 150
Catalonia, 192, 199 conspiracy theory, 139–40
censorship, 200 constructivism, 222
Central and Eastern Europe, consumption, 18–20, 24
90, 175, 193–4 Turkish patterns of, 284
see also individual countries and practice of veiling, 285–96
centralization, 172–3, 181 see also reception analysis
Chaney, D., 270, 291 content analysis, 8, 56, 58, 66
Châteauvallon, 235, 251 context, 59, 60, 73
Chechnya, 232 convergence hypothesis, 204
Chiagouris, L.G., 270, 271 Cooper, T.W., 200
children, 2, 59, 91 copyright, 199, 201, 203
choice, consumer, 27, 28 Corbin, J., 263
Chomsky, N., 139–50, 220 Coronation Street, 235, 236, 238, 241, 243,
citizenship, 123–4, 185 245, 246, 250, 251
shared, 30 corporate sector, 2, 13
civic consciousness, 185 expansionism, 26–7
civil society, 115, 181, 184–5, 221 and propaganda model of media
class, 277 operations, 139–53
class interests, 139, 140, 142–3, 146 as source of news information, 145, 146
Clawson, D.J., 277 Il Corriere della Sera, 209, 210, 212,
clergy, 156, 159 213, 215, 216, 218
clientism, 176 Cosmas, S.C., 271
Clinton, B., 103, 113–14, 179, 212 Council of Europe, 191
Club of Rome, 175 Craick, J., 291
cluster analysis, 275–6 ‘credibility of the source’ technique, 212
Cockburn, C., 262 critical theory, 2, 8
codes of conduct, 97 Croatia, 192, 193, 199
see also ethics cultivation theory, 59
cognitive dissonance, 212, 218 n.9 cultural distance, 161 n.2
Cohen, S., 54, 141 cultural diversity, 24
Cold War, 5 cultural homogenization, 14, 29–30, 71
collective identity, 30 cultural identity, 30, 71, 236
Turkey, 283–4 cultural imperialism, 36, 235
comic effect, 79–80 see also media imperialism thesis
commercial television, 119, 122, 172 cultural school, 8–9
entertainment programming, 38 cultural studies, 56–7, 58, 59–60, 62,
fictional programming, 36–52 63, 64, 65
information programming, 38 cultural values, 31, 91, 182
and political communication, 103, Curran, C., 166
104–5, 106–8, 111, 112–13 Curran, J., 72, 73, 75
see also satellite and cable current affairs programmes, 111, 112, 113
television Curry, J., 228
communication policy, 9–10 cyberfeminism, 260–1, 262, 266
communication pyramid, 185–6 cyborgs, 260
communism, 31–2, 145 Czech Republic, 192, 193, 199
community studies, 67
comparative studies, 67 Dahlgren, P., 9, 115, 181
competition, 27 Daily Express, 169
computer-mediated communication Daily Mail, 168, 169
(CMC) studies, 259 Daily Mirror, 167, 168
computer ownership, 170, 171 Daily Star, 167, 168, 169