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Dallas, 7, 72, 235, 238, 241, 244, 248 empowerment, 123
Dassin, J., 228 environmentalism, 24, 30–1
Davis, D.K., 113 Ericson, R.V., 141
De Bens, E., 36–52, 104 essentialism, 73, 136
decentralization, 181 ethics, 7, 101, 189
de Certeau, M., 222 codes of, 97, 99, 191–204
decoding, 8, 73, 85–6 Resolution and Recommendation
referential vs. meta-linguistic, 80–1, 82 (Council of Europe), 191
decontextualization, 73 see also accountability
Demby, E., 270 ethnography, 2
democracy, 91, 104, 115, 157, 159, and study of soap operas, 238–9
161, 166–7, 176, 221 Euromedia Research Group, 37
direct, 181, 183, 185 European Audiovisual Observatory, 46, 47
representative, 104, 181, 183, 185 European integration, 5, 236
transmission of, 31 European Parliament, 11
Denmark excess, 27
journalism ethics, 192–3, 199 exchange relations, 227
soap operas, 240, 241, 244, 245 expansionism, corporate, 26–7
television news, 107 expectancy-value approach, 55–6
Dennis, E.E., 157, 160, 189 experimental effects
dependence, 72, 73, 86 research, 55
deregulation, 24, 27, 28, 98 experimental research, 64
de Smaele, H., 36–52 ‘expert’ sources, 145, 146
determinism, economic, 32–3
Dijkstal, H., 103 factoids, 212, 218, 219 n.11
discourse, 59–60 fairness, 6, 7, 198, 200, 203
discourse analysis, 8 fashion, and veiling practices in
discourse theories, 66 Turkey, 286, 287–96
discrimination, 198, 200, 203 fashion catalogues, Islamic clothing
discussion, as moment in reception companies, 290–3
process, 76, 80, 83, 84 Featherstone, M., 24, 37, 274
Domhoff, W., 143, 147 femininity and the Internet,
dramatization, 209 257–8, 261, 262
Dupagne, M., 49 feminism, 257–8
Durkheim, E., 57, 155, 159, 160 see also cyberfeminism
Dynasty, 241 Ferguson, M., 23–35
fiction, television see
EastEnders, 238, 240, 241, 243, 251 television fiction
Eastern Europe see Central and Le Figaro, 210, 212, 217
Eastern Europe figures of speech, 213, 217, 218
Eco, U., 205 films, 25, 31
economic determinism, 32–3 co-productions, 41, 42, 43
economic influence, 223–6 on television, 39, 41–3, 47, 48, 49
Edera, 236, 243, 244 Finland, 192, 193, 199
education, business Fischer, C., 255, 256
culture and, 174 Fiske, J., 37, 57, 85, 239
Edwards, A.L., 270 flak, as means of disciplining
effects research, 54–5, 56, 58, 59, 61, media, 145, 146
62, 63, 64, 65, 72 Flanders, television fiction, 38–45
election campaigns, 10–11, 103, 105, passim, 74–87
107, 108–11, 113, 119, 120, 121–2 Foucault, M., 161 n.1, 222
electronic communication see Four Mothers movement, 125–38
information and communications framing, 10
technology; Internet France, 1
Eliade, M., 26, 31 journalism ethics, 192, 193, 197, 199
elite media, 141, 144–5 television fiction, 37