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McQuail(EJC)-3281-06.qxd  8/16/2005  11:59 AM  Page 82





                     82                                         Communication Theory & Research
                         TABLE 6.3  NORMATIVE VS.VALUE-FREE STATEMENTS: PROPORTIONAL (%) AND
                         ABSOLUTE NUMBER
                                                              American Sitcom     Domestic Sitcom
                         Referential         Normative           40.3%               70.6%
                           Statements                             44                  89
                                             Value-free          59.6%               29.3%
                                                                  65                  37
                         Meta-linguistic     Normative           46.5%               79.8%
                           Statements                             47                  83
                                             Value-free          53.4%               20.1%
                                                                  54                  21



                           I like several characters in De Kollega’s, but some of them really bother me.
                           And then there is that typical disease of many Flemish actors, who try to
                           speak perfect Dutch, but will never succeed in speaking it naturally. Then I
                           prefer the use of specific dialects as some characters do. And this can be
                           very, very funny. (interview 28B)

                         Such explicit personal judgements were also abundantly present in the referen-
                         tial statements on the domestic programme (70.6 percent). This may not be
                         surprising: opinions about the indigenous programme were more connected with
                         personal experiences and sometimes even ideologically loaded. Such a view was
                         clearly expressed in the interview with a 58-year old technical designer:

                           I had that experience too. In those days, bosses used to be men with little
                           intellectual capacity. They had been working their own way up. Then, when
                           they became the boss, they became arrogant, like real arrivists. Then they
                           took measures that cannot be labelled as clever, skilful or socially justified ...
                           (interview 22B)

                         In the case of the American programme there was an overall ratio of (roughly)
                         1:1 in relation to the value orientation of the statements, somewhat in favour of
                         value-free statements (59.6 percent for referential statements and 53.4 percent for
                         meta-linguistic ones). Respondents spoke quite fluently about several aspects of
                         the US programme and their experiences of it, but they did not feel so strongly
                         the need to take an explicit personal view on most items. It seemed that the
                         recipients were strongly led by the narrative thread in the US programme,
                         retelling and interpreting the story in a mixed normative/value-free way. [...]



                         Bringing the ‘Moments’ Together

                         The use of different reception-inspired methods proves to be fruitful when the
                         different moments of the reception process are related. It is in this interplay of
                         moments that the dynamic complexity of receiving a text is manifested.
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