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intended to serve' and said that the NWICO represented the antithesis
to a world characterized by 'a broad and rich diversity of opinion.'
Quoted in Preston et al. (eds), Hope & Folly, p. 157.
Although Reagan's first budget eliminated all US funds to UNESCO,
this was modified through Congress to provide it with minimal appro-
priations, including just US $100,000 for the IPDC. Despite the admin-
istration's intent to withdraw, the State Department filed obligatory
reports on UNESCO to Congress that repeatedly cleared it of suspected
financial, administrative or ideological wrongdoings. In its 1983 report,
the State Department argued that 'US interests are generally well served
by UNESCO programs which are, for the most part, non-political and
which can most effectively be pursued through international cooperat-
ion.' In the section titled 'US Goals and Objectives,' the report considers
UNESCO to be 'a major forum for US multilateral diplomacy' where
'US values and methods' can be promoted, 'particularly in the Third
World.' Report quoted in ibid., pp. 164--5.
85 Ibid., p. 171.
86 Memorandum authored by Gregory Newell, the Reagan-appointed
Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs.
Quoted in ibid., p. 172.
87 Quoted in ibid., p. 181.
88 On American neo-liberalism, see James R. Kurth, 'The United States
and Western Europe in the Reagan Era,' in Morris H. Morley (ed.),
Crisis and Confrontation, Ronald Reagan's Foreign Policy (Totowa, NJ:
Rowman & Littlefield, 1988) pp. 65-6.
89 Larry Pratt, 'The Reagan Doctrine and the Third World,' in Ralph
Miliband, Leo Panitch and John Saville (eds), Socialist Register 1987
Lodon: Merlin Press, 1987) pp. 63-4.
90 Fred Halliday, The Making of the Second Cold War (London: Verso,
1983) p. 23.
91 Pratt, 'The Reagan Doctrine and the Third World,' in Miliband et al.
(eds), Socialist Register 1987, p. 92.
92. Jeff McMahan, Reagan and the World, Imperial Policy in the New Cold
War (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1985) p. 224.
93 Von Laue quoted in Murphy, International Organization and Industrial
Change, p. 242.
94 For example, see the text of the board of directors of the US Chamber
of Commerce, March 1983, 'Findings and Recommendations Regarding
the Flow of Information Across National Borders,' published in 'Infor-
mation Flow Vital to Global Economy,' Transnational Data Report, VI
(5) (July/August 1983) 239-42.
95 As James Webb of NASA and Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara
stated in a joint memorandum written in 1961, 'Our attainments are a
major element in the international competition between the Soviet sys-
tem and our own. The ... 'civilian' projects such as lunar and planetary
exploration are, in this sense, part of the battle along the fluid front of
the cold war.' - Memorandum to President Kennedy quoted in Michael
E. Kinsley, Outer Space and Inner Sanctums; Government, Business, and
Satellite Communication (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1976) p. 2.