Page 113 - Communication Commerce and Power The Political Economy of America and the Direct Broadcast Satellite

I 02 Communication, Commerce and Power

29 See David E.S. Blatherwick, The International Politics of Telecommuni-
cations (Berkeley, Cal.: Institute of International Studies, 1987) pp. 37-
8.
30 James Edwin Bailey III, 'Current and Future Legal Uses of Direct
Broadcast Satellites in International Law,' Louisiana Law Review,
45(3) (1985) 707.
31 Quoted in Benno Signitzer, Regulation of Direct Broadcasting from
Satellites, the UN Involvement (New York: Praeger, 1976) p. 27. In the
end, the issue was not placed on the agenda.
32 Ibid., p. 33.
33 Lawrence Lessing, 'Cinderella in the Sky,' Fortune, LXXVI (5) (October
1967). Also, Signitzer, Regulation of Direct Broadcasting from Satellites,
p. 33.
34 United Nations Document A/AC.105/C.2/SR.80 (1967) p. 15.
35 See David E.S. Blatherwick, The International Politics of Telecommuni-
cations, p. 40.
36 Signitzer, Regulation of Direct Broadcasting from Satellites, p. 31.
37 See United Nations Document A/AC.105/PV.55 (1968) pp. 62-70.
38 United Nations, Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space,
'Report of the Working Group on Direct Broadcast Satellites on its
Third Session.' 25 May 1970. Reprinted in Annex V of United Nations
Document A/AC.l05/83 (25 May 1970) p. 29. The French delegation
argued that DBS constituted 'a technique for the dissemination of
thought which is so powerful that it can, depending upon the use
made of it, exalt or trample upon this very freedom [i.e., freedom of
thought].' Quoted in M. Lesueur Stewart, To See the World, p. 65.
39 Blatherwick, The International Politics of Telecommunications, p. 40.
40 Signitzer, Regulation of Direct Broadcasting from Satellites, p. 36.
41 From Ruddy's paper presented at the Sixteenth Colloquium on Outer
Space Law {International Institute of Space Law, 1973) quoted in Sara
Fletcher Luther, The United States and the Direct Broadcast Satellite
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1988) p. 89.
42 This definition goes on to point out that 'the term reception shall
encompass both individual reception and community reception.' The
term 'radiocommunication' includes television and data transmissions.
See Article 84AP, Spa 2 in World Administrative Radio Conference for
Space Telecommunications, Final Acts (Geneva: International Telecom-
munications Union, 1971) p. 41.
43 Article 428A, Spa 2 SS 2A in ibid., p. 117 (emphases added).
44 Luther, The United States and the Direct Broadcast Satellite, pp. 101-02.
45 Kathryn M. Queeney, Direct Broadcast Satellites and the United Nations
{The Netherlands: Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1978) pp. 152-3.
46 Luther, The United States and the Direct Broadcast Satellite, p. 103.
47 The Soviet draft convention was attached to a letter from the Soviet
Foreign Affairs Minister Andre Gromyko to the UN Secretary-General,
dated 8 August 1972. UN Doc. A/8771 (9 August 1972).
48 Signitzer, Regulation of Direct Broadcasting from Satellites, p. 55.
49 General Assembly Resolution 2916 (XXVII) of9 November 1972 in UN
Doc. A/8771, p. 4 et seq. (1972). 102 votes were cast in favor of the