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CONTENTS ix

Appendix B Assembly Language and Related Topics 713
B.1 Assembly Language 714
B.2 Assemblers 723
B.3 Loading and Linking 728
B.4 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 735
B.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 736

ONLINE CHAPTERS
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Chapter 19 Number Systems 19-1
19.1 The Decimal System 19-2
19.2 The Binary System 19-2
19.3 Converting between Binary and Decimal 19-3
19.4 Hexadecimal Notation 19-5
19.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 19-8
Chapter 20 Digital Logic 20-1
20.1 Boolean Algebra 20-2
20.2 Gates 20-4
20.3 Combinational Circuits 20-7
20.4 Sequential Circuits 20-24
20.5 Programmable Logic Devices 20-33
20.6 Recommended Reading and Web Site 20-38
20.7 Key Terms and Problems 20-39
Chapter 21 The IA-64 Architecture 21-1
21.1 Motivation 21-3
21.2 General Organization 21-4
21.3 Predication, Speculation, and Software Pipelining 21-6
21.4 IA-64 Instruction Set Architecture 21-23
21.5 Itanium Organization 21-28
21.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 21-31
21.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 21-32

ONLINE APPENDICES
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Appendix C Hash Tables

Appendix D Victim Cache Strategies
D.1 Victim Cache
D.2 Selective Victim Cache

Appendix E Interleaved Memory

Appendix F International Reference Alphabet
Appendix G Virtual Memory Page Replacement Algorithms