Page 196 - Concise Encyclopedia of Robotics

Log-Polar Transform
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LOG-POLAR TRANSFORM
When mapping an image for use in a robotic vision system, it sometimes
helps to transform the image from one type of coordinate system to
another. In a log-polar transform, a computer converts an image in polar
coordinates to an image in rectangular coordinates.
The principle of log-polar image processing is shown in the illustration.
The polar system, with two object paths plotted, is depicted in the upper
graph. The rectangular equivalent, with the same paths shown, is in the
lower graph. The polar radius is mapped onto the vertical rectangular
axis; the polar angle is mapped onto the horizontal rectangular axis.
Radial coordinates are unevenly spaced in the polar map, but are uni-
form in the rectangular map. During the transformation, the logarithm
of the radius is taken. This results in peripheral distortion of the image.
The resolution is degraded for distant objects, but is improved for nearby
targets. In robotic navigation, close-in objects are usually more important
than distant ones, so this is a good trade-off.
A log-polar transform greatly distorts the way a scene looks to people.
A computer does not have any trouble with this, because each point in
the image corresponds to a unique point in real space. That is, the point
mapping is a one-to-one correspondence.
Robot vision systems employ television cameras that scan in rectangular
coordinates, but events in real space are of a nature better represented by
polar coordinates. The log-polar transform can therefore change real-life
motions and perceptions into images that can be efficiently dealt with by
a robotic vision system.
See also VISION SYSTEM.

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