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25. Benjamin (1950/1999: 252f).
26. Benjamin (1982/1999: 476).
27. Benjamin (1982/1999: 407). The intention to look at the use of history in the present is expressed
by Benjamin (1982/1999: 206): ‘The true method of making things present is to represent them
in our space (not to represent ourselves in their space).’
28. Williams (1974/1994: 86ff).
29. See e.g. Pine and Gilmour (1999: 27ff).
30. Benjamin (1982/1999: 154).
31. Benjamin (1982/1999: 476).
32. Cf. Appadurai (1996: 66ff).
33. The term ‘invented tradition’ derives from Hobsbawm and Ranger (1983).
34. Thompson (1995: 179ff).
35. Benjamin (1982/1999: 1137). This quote from Das Passagen-Werk, originating from a letter by
Benjamin to Gershom Scholem, written in September 1935, is not included in the English trans-
lation of the work: ‘den Versuch, das Bild der Geschichte in den unscheinbarsten Fixierungen des
Daseins, seinen Abfällen gleichsam festzuhalten’.
36. Jameson (1991: 25).
37. Benjamin (1982/1999: 389). On memory, history and forgetting, see Ricoeur (2000/2004).
38. Benjamin (1982/1999: 388).
39. ‘Diegetic’ derives from the Greek di égesis: ‘lead through’.
40. See Ricoeur (1985/1988: 170f) for a critique of the notion of an implied author and reader.
41. Bachtin (1981).
42. Lyotard (1979/1984).
43. See Ricoeur (2000/2004) on the dialectics of memory and historiography.
44. Walzer (1984) and Frye (1982).
45. Benjamin (1950/1999: 246 and 1955/1999: 87).
46. Latour (1991/1993: 10).
47. Ricoeur (1985/1988: 190).
48. Baudrillard (1981/1994 and 1988).
49. Ricoeur (1985/1988: 101).
50. Ricoeur (1985/1988: 159).

CHAPTER 9 TRANSLOCAL SPACES
1. Kroes (1996).
2. Murray (1997: 153f), Kowinski (1985).
3. Cf. Gottdiener (1997).
4. Hannerz (1996: 5f). See also Thörn (1999b).
5. Bachelard, Gaston (1958/1994), Lefebvre (1968/2002) and Certeau (1974/1988) would be useful
for this purpose.
6. Ricoeur (2000/2004: 41f).
7. Ricoeur (2000/2004: 147f).
8. Ricoeur (2000/2004: 150). Henri Lefebvre (1974/1991: 33, 38f) distinguishes between ‘spatial
practice’, ‘representations of space’ (the ‘conceptualized space’ of scientists and planners) and