Page 35 - Control Theory in Biomedical Engineering

22 Control theory in biomedical engineering

Fig. 15 Heart rate homeostasis.

heart rate increases, which affects heart rate homeostasis equilibrium. Fig. 15
describes this control process.
Calcium homeostasis regulates calcium flow to and from the bones.
A normal blood calcium level is about 10mg/dL. This level is critical for
normal body functions. When the calcium level changes (hypocalcemia
or hypercalcemia) many problems with blood coagulation, muscle contrac-
tion, nerve functioning and bone strength can be detected. Fig. 16 describes
the control process of blood calcium homeostasis.
Glucose homeostasis is the balance of insulin and glucagon in the blood
in order to maintain human health. In fact, glucose is considered as a prin-
cipal source of energy and brain tissues do not synthesize it. In fact, different

Fig. 16 Blood calcium homeostasis.