Page 266 - Cosmetology
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Thymus serpillum extract. An extract of wild thyme. See thyme extract.

                   Thymus vulgaris. See thyme extract.

                   Tian men dong. Chinese herbal asparagus extract; it has no known benefit for skin.

                   Tilia cordata. See linden flower extract.

                   Tinosorb M. See Tinosorb S.

                   Tinosorb S. In Europe there are two sunscreen ingredients, Tinosorb S (bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol
                   methoxyphenyl triazine) and Tinosorb M (methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol), that are
                   approved for protection of the entire range of UVA radiation. Whether they are preferred over the other UVA-
                   protecting ingredients used in sunscreens has not been established. At this time, neither Tinosorb M nor
                   Tinosorb S have been approved for use in the United States or Canada. See UVA.

                   tissue respiratory factor (TRF). Trade name for a form of yeast suspended in alcohol. There is only one
                   independent study, performed on animals, that showed it to have some wound-healing benefits.

                   titanium dioxide. Inert earth mineral used as a thickening, whitening, lubricating, and sunscreen ingredient
                   in cosmetics. It protects skin from UVA and UVB radiation and is considered to have no risk of skin irritation.

                   Tocopherol. See vitamin E.

                   tocopherol acetate. See vitamin E.

                   tocopheryl acetate. See vitamin E.

                   tocopheryl lineolate. See vitamin E.

                   tocotrienols. Super-potent forms of vitamin E that are considered stable and powerful antioxidants. There is
                   some research showing tocotrienols to be more potent than other forms of vitamin E for antioxidant activity,
                   but the studies cited in this review were all performed on animal models or in vitro. According to the
                   University of California at Berkeley’s Wellness Guide to Dietary Supplements (October 1999), “[Tocotrienol]
                   research in humans is very limited, and the results conflicting.” The research that has been done has
                   centered on large doses of oral tocotrienols, animal studies, or test-tube trials. Companies that want you to
                   believe that tocotrienols are now the answer for your skin are only guessing whether or not the laboratory
                   evidence translates to human skin as it exists in the real world. Full-scale clinical studies on humans to
                   assess the benefits of topical tocotrienols have not yet been performed, so for now (as is true for all
                   antioxidants), choosing it as the “best” one is a leap of faith. See vitamin E.

                   toluene. Solvent used in nail polishes; it is considered toxic with repeated use.

                   tomato extract. Has weak antioxidant properties.Tomatoes contain lycopene, which is a significant
                   antioxidant, but it is more bioavailable from tomato paste than from fresh tomatoes. It can also be a potential
                   skin irritant depending on what part of the tomato is used, but there is no way to know that from an
                   ingredient label. See lycopene.

                   tormentil extract. See Potentilla erecta root extract.

                   tourmaline. An inert, though complex, mineral. One of its unique properties is that it is piezoelectric,
                   meaning that it generates an electrical charge when under pressure. That’s why tourmaline is typically used
                   in pressure gauges. Tourmaline is also pyroelectric, which means that it generates an electrical charge
                   during a temperature change (either increase or decrease). One of the results of generating such an electric
                   charge is that dust particles will become attached to one end of the tourmaline crystal. However, none of
                   that can take place in a cosmetic. There is no published research showing tourmaline has any proven effect
                   on skin whatsoever. See Paula's article Tourmaline.

                   tragacanth. Natural gum used as a thickener in cosmetics.

                   tranexamic acid. Technical name 4-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. When used orally, it is an
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