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He, She, and (S)he 149

do, and a country’s femininity is more clearly reflected in the values of its
men than in those of its women. Women across countries can be expected
to agree more easily on issues in which ego values are at stake. A U.S. best-
seller was called Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus, but in feminine
cultures both sexes are from Venus. 13
Richard Lynn, from Northern Ireland, collected data about attitudes
toward competitiveness and money from male and female university
students in forty-two countries. Overall, men scored higher on com-
petitiveness than women. In a reanalysis, Evert van de Vliert, from the
Netherlands, showed that the ratio between men’s and women’s scores was
significantly correlated with MAS. It was lowest in Norway, where the

women rated their competitiveness higher than the men, and was highest
in Germany. 14
Figure 5.3 shows schematically the age effects on masculinity values. 15
When people grow older, they tend to become more social and less ego
oriented (lower MAS). At the same time, the gap between women’s and

FIGURE 5.3 MAS Scores by Gender and Age

Men
Masculinity Index by Gender Women

20 45 70
Age