Page 5 - DSP Integrated Circuits

iv Contents

2.4 VLSI Process Technologies 48
2.4.1 Bulk CMOS Technology 48
2.4.2 Silicon-on-Insulation (SQD Technology 49
2.4.3 Bipolar Technologies—TTL 50
2.4.4 Bipolar Technologies—ECL 50
2.4.5 Bipolar-CMOS Technologies—BiCMOS 51
2.4.6 GaAs-Based Technologies 52
2.5 Trends in CMOS Technologies 53

3 Digital Signal Processing 59
3.1 Introduction 59
3.2 Digital Signal Processing 60
3.2.1 Sensitivity 60
3.2.2 Robustness 61
3.2.3 Integrated Circuits 61
3.3 Signals 61
3.4 The Fourier Transform 62
3.5 The z-Transform 64
3.6 Sampling of Analog Signals 65
3.7 Selection of Sample Frequency 67
3.8 Signal Processing Systems 69
3.8.1 Linear Systems 70
3.8.2 SI (Shift-Invariant) Systems 70
3.8.3 LSI (Linear Shift-Invariant) Systems 70
3.8.4 Causal Systems 71
3.8.5 Stable LSI Systems 72
3.9 Difference Equations 72
3.10 Frequency Response 73
3.10.1 Magnitude Function 74
3.10.2 Attenuation Function 75
3.10.3 Phase Function 76
3.10.4 Group Delay Function 77
3.11 Transfer Function 78
3.12 Signal-Flow Graphs 79

3.13 Filter Structures 80
3.14 Adaptive DSP Algorithms 82
3.14.1 LMS (Least Mean Square) Filters 83
3.14.2 RLS (Recursive Least Square) Lattice Filters 85
3.15 DFT—The Discrete Fourier Transform 86
3.16 FFT—The Fast Fourier Transform Algorithm 87
3.16.1 CT-FFT—The Cooley-Tukey FFT 88
3.16.2 ST-FFT (The Sande-Tukey FFT) 93