Page 245 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

210 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

FIGURE 8.4 IEEE 34 bus [30].

TABLE 8.1 Flexible loads.

Model Battery type Energy (kW h) DOD (%)
EV model 1 NiMH 27.4 80
EV model 2 Li-ion 5.33 60
EV model 3 Li-ion 16 65
EV model 4 Li-ion 24 65
EV model 5 Li-ion 16 65

Stationary battery Lit-ion 1000 88
DOD, Depth of discharge; EV, electric vehicle.

To stress the possibilities enabled by the coordinated operation of renew-
ables and flexible resources, an operative scenario considering multiple
events in a day period was employed, so that the interactions and effects
between the different applications can be evaluated. Also, due to the uncer-
tainties associated with the expected penetration of EVs, several scenarios
considering different levels of EV penetration have been assessed, to the
point where the capacity of the flexible resources becomes insufficient to
provide the necessary assistance to the network. In this sense, additional stor-
age capacity is associated to allow systems’ requirements to be met. This
type of analysis is fundamental during the planning stage, so that possible
future outcomes due to forecast errors associated to uncontrollable factors, as
the EVs market growth, can be assessed in advance.