Page 258 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

Chapter 9

Distributed generation in

deregulated energy markets and
probabilistic hosting capacity

decision-making challenges

2
1
Sherif M. Ismael , Shady H.E. Abdel Aleem , Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz 3
and Ahmed F. Zobaa 4
1
Electrical Engineering Division, Engineering for the Petroleum and Process Industries
2
(ENPPI), Cairo, Egypt, Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences Department, 15th of
3
May Higher Institute of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt, Electric Power and Machines Department,
4
Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, College of Engineering, Design
and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
9.1 Introduction
Currently, the collaboration of renewable energy based distributed genera-
tion (DG) with conventional fossil fuel based power-generation units has
led to the development of new practices in energy production associated
with various challenges. However, the proposed integration of RES units
with their power electronic interfaces (predominantly wind and solar energy
systems) into electrical networks and deregulated energy markets has brought
its own problems and restrictions [1 3]. For example, if these DG units are
not properly allocated, various operational problems in the distribution sys-
tems may occur, such as overvoltage risks, overloading of electrical equip-
ment, increased line losses, protection system maloperations, and power
quality problems [4]. These problems arise when the DG penetration levels
surpass the maximum allowable penetration level, the so-called system’s
hosting capacity (HC) limit. The evaluation of the HC enables the investor
to quantify the impact of his DG units on the performance of the power sys-
tem by using a set of performance indices (PIs). The selection of these indi-
ces hinges on many aspects, such as voltage profile of the system, thermal
capability of the feeders, and harmonic distortion levels. Today’s power sys-
tems are becoming more complex, expandable, dynamic, and nonpredictable;

Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816445-7.00009-8
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