Page 463 - Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

422 Decision Making Applications in Modern Power Systems

X
d
d
R m 5 π m U ( max L tðÞ 1 p tðÞ ð16:11Þ
PDP PDP d n
nAN p ðtÞ
dAD PDP
tAT PDP - T M
X X X
d
d
C PDP 5 λ PDP U max ðL tðÞ 1 p tðÞ 2 P CR ; 0ÞUΔt
PDP
n
d
dAD PDP tAT PDP N p ðtÞ
dAD PDP
tAT PDP
ð16:12Þ
Problem 2—TOU charges with PDP integration
Objective minimizeðC EC 1 C DC 2 R p PDP 2 R m 1 C PDP Þ
PDP
Subject to: (16.1) (16.12)
16.3.5 Integration with ancillary service market
To achieve instantaneous balance between the supply and demand sides of
electricity transmission system, ancillary services can be utilized by calling
services from various grid components, not only the traditional electricity
generators but also demand-side DERs. A regulation up/down market is a
representative type of ancillary service market. EVs with the capability to
follow the up and downregulation signals in a short period of time can be
coordinated to serve as effective and reliable resources to provide regulation
services. Based on formulation of Problem 1, the EV integration with regula-
tion market participation is modeled as follows:
X X d d d d
R AS 5 ðR ðÞUπ ðÞ 1 R t ðÞUπ ðtÞÞUΔt ð16:13Þ
t
t
dAD tAT up up down down
P tðÞ 5 B tðÞ 1 ρ UR ðÞ 1 ρ down UR d down t ðÞ ð16:14Þ
d
d
d
t
up
up
d;B d d;B d
b t ðÞUp # B tðÞ # b t ðÞUP ð16:15Þ
agg agg
d
b d;P t ðÞUp # P ðtÞ # b d;P t ðÞUP d ð16:16Þ
agg agg
1
2
d
E tðÞ # X t P τðÞUΔt # E tðÞ ð16:17Þ
d d
t 0
2
1
d
E tðÞ # X t B τðÞUΔt # E tðÞ ð16:18Þ
d d
t 0
b d;B t ðÞUR down # R d down t ðÞ # b d;B t ðÞUP d ð16:19Þ
agg
agg
d
t
b d;ru t ðÞUR # R ðÞ # b d;ru t ðÞUP d ð16:20Þ
agg up up agg
b d;bd t ðÞUp # B d tðÞ 1 R d tðÞ # b d;bd t ðÞUP d ð16:21Þ
agg agg