Page 11 - Design for Environment A Guide to Sustainable Product Development

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Part 2 Charting the Course: The Art and Science of
Design for Environment
5 Managing Environmental Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
The Rise of Green Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Integrated Product Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Organizing for Environmental Excellence . . . . . . . . . . 72
Practicing Concurrent Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Understanding Product Life Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Collaborating with Stakeholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

6 Principles of Design for Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Life-Cycle Thinking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
System Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Indicators and Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Design Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Analysis Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Information Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Learning from Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
From Principles to Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7 Performance Indicators and Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Measure Up! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Why Measure Environmental Performance? . . . . . . . . 98
Enterprise Performance Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Identifying Aspects and Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Choosing Environmental Performance Metrics . . . . . . 106
Relationship of Metrics to Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Categories of Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Applicability and Scope of Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Aggregation and Scoring Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Future Challenges and Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
8 Design Rules and Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
DFE Rules! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Catalogue of DFE Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
A. Design for Dematerialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
A.1 Design for Energy and Material
Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
A.2 Design for Source Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
A.3 Design for Servicization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
B. Design for Detoxification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

B.1 Design for Release Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . 134
B.2 Design for Hazard Reduction . . . . . . . . . . . 136
B.3 Design for Benign Waste Disposition . . . . . 138