Page 12 - Design for Environment A Guide to Sustainable Product Development

Contents xi

C. Design for Revalorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
C.1 Design for Product Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . 141
C.2 Design for Product Disassembly . . . . . . . . . 142
C.3 Design for Recyclability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
D. Design for Capital Protection and Renewal . . . . 149
D.1 Design for Human Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
D.2 Design for Natural Capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
D.3 Design for Economic Capital . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Advanced Resource Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Resource Cascading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Industrial Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

9 Analysis Methods for Design Decisions . . . . . . . . . . 165
Analyze This! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Tangible Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Qualitative Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Criteria-Based Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Scoring Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Environmental Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Footprint Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Life-Cycle Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Predictive Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Risk Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Financial Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Life-Cycle Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Cost/Benefit Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189

Examples of DFE Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Consumer Electronic Product Design . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Heat Transfer Process Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
The Challenges of Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
10 Product Life-Cycle Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Caterpillar: New Engines from Old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Extended Producer Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Benefits of Remanufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Design for Remanufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
3M: Responsible Innovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
A History of Environmental Leadership . . . . . . . . . 206
Life Cycle Management Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Examples of Product Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Toward Sustainable Supply Chain
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Integrated Business Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213