Page 339 - Design for Six Sigma a Roadmap for Product Development

Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) 309

■ Create stresses in an object that will oppose known undesirable
working stresses later on.
Principle 10: Preliminary action
■ Perform, before it is needed, the required modification of an object
(either fully or partially).
■ Prearrange objects in such a way that they can perform their
intended actions expeditiously from the most convenient position.
Principle 11: Beforehand cushioning. Prepare emergency means
beforehand to compensate for the relatively low reliability of an
object.
Principle 12: Equipotentiality. In a potential field, limit position
changes (e.g., change operating conditions to eliminate the need to
raise or lower objects in a gravity field).
Principle 13: “The other way around”
■ Invert the action(s) used to solve the problem (e.g., instead of cool-
ing an object, heat it).
■ Make movable parts (or the external environment) fixed, and fixed
parts movable.
■ Turn the object (or process) upside-down.
Principle 14: Spheroidality
■ Instead of using rectilinear parts, surfaces, or forms, use curvilin-
ear ones, moving from flat surfaces to spherical ones, or from parts
shaped as a cube (parallelepiped) to ball-shaped structures.
■ Use rollers, balls, spirals, and/or domes.
■ Go from linear to rotary motion, using centrifugal force.

Principle 15: Dynamics
■ Allow (or design) the characteristics of an object, external envi-
ronment, or process to change to be optimal or to find an optimal
operating condition.
■ Divide an object into parts capable of movement relative to one
another.
■ If an object (or process) is rigid or inflexible, make it movable or
adaptive.
Principle 16: Partial or excessive actions. If 100 percent of an effect
is hard to achieve using a given solution method, then, by using
“slightly less” or “slightly more” of the same method, the problem
may be considerably easier to solve.
Principle 17: Another dimension
■ Move an object in two- or three-dimensional space.
■ Use a multistory arrangement of objects instead of a single-story
arrangement.