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310   Chapter Nine


             ■ Tilt or reorient the object, laying it on its side.
             ■ Use “another side” of a given area.
             Principle 18: Mechanical vibration
             ■ Cause an object to oscillate or vibrate.
             ■ Increase the object’s frequency (even up to the ultrasonic level).
             ■ Use an object’s resonance frequency.
             ■ Use piezoelectric vibrators instead of mechanical ones.
             ■ Use combined ultrasonic and electromagnetic field oscillations.
             Principle 19: Periodic action
             ■ Instead of continuous action, use periodic or pulsating actions.
             ■ If an action is already periodic, change the periodic magnitude or
               frequency.
             ■ Use pauses between impulses to perform a different action.
             Principle 20: Continuity of useful action
             ■ Carry on work continuously; make all parts of an object work at
               full load, all the time.
             ■ Eliminate all idle or intermittent actions or work.

             Principle 21: Skipping. Conduct a process, or certain stages (e.g.,
             destructive, harmful, or hazardous operations), at high speed.

             Principle 22: “Blessing in disguise”
             ■ Use harmful factors (particularly, harmful effects of the environ-
               ment or surroundings) to achieve a positive effect.
             ■ Eliminate the primary harmful action by adding it to another
               harmful action to resolve the problem.
             ■ Amplify a harmful factor to such a degree that it is no longer
               harmful.

             Principle 23: Feedback
             ■ Introduce feedback (referring back, cross-checking) to improve a
               process or action.
             ■ If feedback is already used, change its magnitude or influence.
             Principle 24: “Intermediary”
             ■ Use an intermediate carrier article or intermediary process.
             ■ Merge one object temporarily with another (which can be easily
               removed).

             Principle 25: Self-service
             ■ Make an object serve itself by performing auxiliary helpful functions.
             ■ Use waste resources, energy, or substances.
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