Page 10 - Design of Simple and Robust Process Plants

Contents XI
8.4.5 Determine the Degrees of Freedom 324
8.4.6 Determine the Controlled, Manipulated, Measured and
Disturbance Variables 325
8.4.7 Determination of Feasible Pairing Options in Respect of
Plant Wide Control and Unit Control 328
8.4.8 Evaluate Static Interaction of the Selected Pairing Options 338
8.4.9. Evaluate Dynamic Interaction of the Reduced Set of Selected Pair-
ings 339
8.4.10. Establish the Final Pairing and Design the Controllers 341
8.4.11. Develop and Test the Performance of the Controller in a
Dynamic Simulation 341
8.4.12. Model-based Control at the Basic Control Level 341
8.5 Summary 345

9 Operation Optimization 349
9.1 Introduction 349
9.2 Historical Developments 350
9.3 General Operation Optimization of Continuous Processes 352
9.3.1 Incentive 352
9.3.2 Continuous Processes 352
9.4 Performance (Profit) Meter 355
9.4.1 Design of the Performance Meter 357
9.5 Closed Loop Steady-state Optimization 360
9.5.1 Optimization Techniques 360
9.5.2 The Optimization Cycle 366
9.6 Project Methodology for Operation Optimization 378
9.6.1 Feasibility Study: Step 0 379
9.6.2 Scope Definition: Step 1 383
9.6.3 Develop and Install Performance Measurement and
Start Tracking Process Performance: Step 2 384
9.6.4 Develop Control Structure with CVs, MVs, and DOFs: Step 3 384
9.6.5 Build Executive and Implement Data Analysis, for Steady-State
Detection and Performance Meter: Step 4 389
9.6.6 Development and Validation of Reactor Model(s): Step 5M 390
9.6.7 Develop Process Model with Reactor Model,
Including Optimizer: Step 6M 392
9.6.8 Test Process Model for Robustness on Process
Conditions and Prices: Step 7M 393
9.6.9 Implement Data Analysis on Selected Data and
Evaluate Steady-State Situations: Step 9 393
9.6.10 Implement Data Reconciliation: Step 10 394
9.6.11 Implement Simultaneous Data Reconciliation and
Parameter Estimation (DR and PE): Step 11 394
9.6.12 Validate Model: Step 12 394
9.6.13 Implement CLO: Step 13 398