Page 7 - Design of Simple and Robust Process Plants

VIII Contents
2.2 The Level of Complexity 25
2.3 Why Higher Reliability? 30
2.4 What is Robustness? 31
2.4.1 Mechanical Robustness 32
2.4.2 Control Robustness 32
2.4.3 Operational Robustness 32
2.5 Summary 33

3 Design Philosophies 35
3.1 Properties 35
3.2 Modeling 36
3.2.1 Process Modeling is the Way to Improve Your Process 37
3.3 Design Philosophies 38
3.3.1 Profit 38
3.3.2 Long Term 39
The Design of Simple and Robust Chemical Plants 39
3.3.3 Minimize Equipment, Piping, and Instruments 39
3.3.4 Design of Single Reliable and Robust Components 42
3.3.5 Optimize Design 45
3.3.6 Clever Process Integration 47
3.3.7 Minimize Human Intervention 49
3.3.8 Operation Optimization Makes Money 52
World-class Manufacturing Perspective 53
3.3.9 Just-in-Time Production (JIP) 53
3.3.10 Design for Total Quality Control (TQC) 55
3.3.11 Inherently Safer Design 58
3.3.12 Environmentally Sound Design 61
3.4 Design Philosophies are an Integrated Set 63

4 Process Synthesis and Design Optimization 67
4.1 Process Synthesis 69
4.1.1 The Hierarchical Structure for Conceptual Design 70
4.1.2 Constraints to Process Synthesis 75
4.1.3 How Broad is a Synthesis Study? 79
4.1.4 Economic Calculations 80
4.1.5 Optimization Methodology 82
4.1.6 Creativity 88
4.2 The Methodology of Process Synthesis 90
4.2.1 Reaction 91
4.2.2 Separation 100
4.2.3 Process Integration 114
4.2.4 Controllability Analysis 134
4.2.5 Flowsheet Optimization 137
4.2.6 Logistics and Site Integration 137