Page 356 - Distillation theory

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CB644-IND CB644-Petlyuk-v1 March 16, 2004 17:0

330 Index

azeotropes (cont.) distillation types in, 174
quaternary minimum reflux mode calculations for,
concentration space characteristics, 14–15 174–175
possible/impossible splits of, 55 spheres of application, 174
product simplex of, 61 thermodynamic considerations, 175
rule of connectedness and, 54 two-feed, with non-sharp separation in,
reversible distillation of, extractive, diagrams 174–181
of, 99–100 non-adiabatic
separation with recycles at R =∞ and mixture separability in, necessary
N =∞,71–72 conditions for, 163–164
tangential, 3, 4–5 with intermediate heat inputs/outputs,
ternary 172–174
α-lines and α-surfaces caused by, 13 one-section stripping, 112
characteristics of, 13–14 simple, 170, 268
column sequence schematics, 49, 72 with heat output in feed cross-section, 164
component labeling of, 11 see also distillation column design
concentration triangle, 72 component concentration ratio variation, 122
product composition regions, 48–49 component-order regions, 123–124, 125, 325
product simplexes, 49 concentration profile under infinite reflux, 26
trajectory bundles under infinite reflux of, concentration simplexes
27 binary, ternary, quaternary mixture, 2
types of, 7, 8 possible product regions at boundary
testing for separability at R =∞ and N =∞, elements of, 283–286
52–57 possible product segments at edges of,
282–283
benzene-isopropyl-alcohol-water mixture, concentration space
15–16, 35 binary mixture, 2
binary mixtures defined, 1–2
azeotropic dimensionality of, 1
phase equilibria and sequences for, 310 quaternary mixture, 2
with azeotropic entrainer, 311 structural elements of, 8
distillation of, geometric interpretation of, ternary mixture, 2
23–25 condensers, 21–22
non-ideality of, 24–25 connectedness, 53–54
phase equilibria of, 3–5 connection chain identification, 64
bond chains, 9, 59, 325 cost estimations, 265–267
bonds, 9, 56 costs for distillation of 7-component mixture, 274
butanol-acetone-water mixture, 208, 210 criterion of the smallest angle, 156
crude oil column, 254
chloroform-acetone-water mixture, 209, 210–211
column section, 22 decanter use, 208, 210
columns demethanizer schematic, 277
complex distillation
defined, 170 adiabatic, 32
ternary mixture schematics, 275 advantages of, 20
with side flow withdrawals, 200–202 binary
with side strippings, 202–204 geometric interpretation of, 23–25
with two feeds and one side product, 171 overall process, 29–30
complex versus simple, 170, 172 cases precluding, 20
dimensionality of product composition column schematics, 21
regions for, 43–44 defined, 1
double column for air separation, 279 entropy in, 78–79
extractive, conditions of separability in, equations describing, 22–23
187–188 extractive, 36, 37
finite with infinite reflux, 43–44 heteroazeotropic, 36, 206–210, 211–212
mixture separability in adiabatic, necessary heteroextractive, 209, 210–212
conditions for, 162–163 non-adiabatic, 32–33
multi-feed column with pumparound, 32