Page 360 - Distillation theory

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CB644-IND CB644-Petlyuk-v1 March 16, 2004 17:0

334 Index

reversible distillation (cont.) with azeotropic product, 140–141
necessary condition for sharp, 88–89 with binary product, 129–136, 137
non-sharp, boundaries of with pure component product, 126
quaternary mixture, 105 with ternary product, 136–140
ternary azeotrope, 102–104 visualization of, 162
overview, 33–35, 105 separation flowsheet synthesis
partial, second class fractionation, 34 azeotropic mixture
phase diagram, 33 binary/ternary overview, 307
pinch locations in column of, 34 challenges in, 264
previous work in, 77–78 entrainer selection, 302, 309–312
product composition regions possible, 87–88 multicomponent: automatic sequencing and
quaternary mixture sequence schematics, 82, selection
102 examples, 292, 293, 294, 303–307
regions of, 85, 124 overview, 300–301
sharp, section trajectories, 84, 90 split selection, 301–303
sharp/non-sharp, 80–81 presynthesis
ternary mixture examples, 288–298, 299–300
diagrams of, 90, 92 feasible sharp splits in two-feed columns,
forecasting, 93 287–288
liquid/vapour flow rates and composition possible product regions at concentration
profiles of, 83 simplex boundary elements, 283–286
sequence schematic, 82 possible product segments at
trajectories concentration simplex edges, 282–283
calculation of, 92–93 possible sharp splits in single-feed
conditions for tear-off points, 86–87 columns, 286–287
intermediate section location, 175–176 process summarized, 319
liquid/vapour flow rate changes along, review of work on, 281
89–92 splits of columns with decanters, 288
true versus fictitious, 84–86 ternary
trajectory bundles and regions of sharp, 83–86 using two pressures
trajectory bundles multicomponent mixtures, with binary azeotropes in semi-sharp
93–97 extractive distillation
trajectory locations, 79–80, 81 cost estimations in, 265–267
utility of, 77, 78, 82–83 defined, 40, 263
rule of connectedness, 53–56, 73, 326 examples, 271–276
rule of product simplex, 69–70 identification of alternatives in, 269–271
preferability regions, 267–268
saddles, 7 thermal integration in, 279
section, 22 thermodynamic loss reduction in, 276–278
section trajectory bundles zeotropic mixture
defined, 325 challenges in, 263–264
intermediate heuristic rules, 265
extractive-column, 181–187 separation product composition
structure of, 177–178 non-singularity at R =∞ and N =∞,72–73
three-section column, 178–179 one-section columns at minimum reflux,
joining, conditions for, 151–152 114–116
n-component mixture, 147–150 two-section columns at minimum reflux, 116,
quaternary mixture 117–120
equimolar azeotropic, 236–239, 241 separations
equimolar zeotropic, 233–236, 237 best non-sharp, 137, 138–139
with binary product, 142, 143 purpose of, 220–221
with pure component product, 141–142 quasisharp, 137–138, 221
with ternary product, 143, 144 sharp, 25–26, 182, 326
with zeotropic/azeotropic products, 143, 144 separatrix trajectory bundle evolution,
ternary mixture 129–136
evolution of, 126–130 separatrixes
ideal, 180 defined, 27
in heteroazeotropic distillation, 257 saddle stationary point, 7