Page 357 - Distillation theory

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CB644-IND CB644-Petlyuk-v1 March 16, 2004 17:0

Index 331

opposite process, 36–37 distillation trajectories
process in brief, 21 defined, 25
sharp, feasibility of, 125 finite and infinite column, 43–49
simple, 5–6 finite column, locations of, 220–223
simulation algorithms compared, 243 ideal mixture stripping, 112
thermodynamic efficiency equation, 79 tear-off at sharp splits, conditions for, 120–123
three-component, 31–32 under infinite reflux
see also reversible distillation defined, 41–42
distillation column design product points and, 44
algorithms compared, 243 residue curves and, 41–43
algorithms needed in, 226 distillation trajectory bundle. See trajectory
columns with side strippings, 252–255 bundles
early empirical methods, 218 ‘distillation triangle,’ 116
extractive, 243–244
general algorithm for, 221, 249 entrainers
geometrical approach, 219–220 benzene as
limitations of early methods, 218–219 with acetone and methanol, 36
n-component mixture with ethanol and water, 206
direct and indirect splits, 224, 226–227 with isopropanol and water, 35, 207–210
intermediate splits, 227–239 butyl acetate as, 208, 210
preferred splits, 242–243 ethyl acetate as, 257
splits with a distributed component, 225, function of, 35–36
239–242 rate for, 193–195, 248
splits with several distributed components, selection of, 302, 309–312
242 toluene as, 207, 208
with binary top product and pure entrainer, water as, with acetone and methanol, 36, 184,
246, 247 188
with pure top product and entrainer, ethanol-water-toluene mixture, 207, 208
246–247 ethyl-acetate-ethanol-water mixture, 257
with pure top product and entrainer a expenditure estimations, 265–267
mixture, 247–249
Petlyuk columns, 249–252 feed cross-section
stages of, 38 column with heat output in, 164
ternary azeotropic mixtures, 245–246, possible compositions in, 221, 223–225
248 feed points, 58, 67
tray number determinations, 255–257 feed tray models, 150, 151
two-section column calculations, 226 feeding plate location, 43
distillation complexes five-component mixtures, 282
defined, 170, 171 flowsheet synthesis. See separation flowsheet
with thermal coupling flows synthesis
kinds of, 195–196 four-component (quaternary) mixtures
with side flow withdrawals, 200–202 α-lines of, 12
with side strippings, 202–204 α-surfaces of, 12
distillation diagram, 27 concentration simplex of, 2
distillation regions distillation regions of, 10
at infinite reflux, 42–43 extractive distillation, conditions for
defined, 7–8, 9 separability in, 190–191
examples, 9–10 ideal
distillation subregions phase equilibrium of, 4
boundary elements of, 59 product composition regions of, 45–46
defined, 9–10, 59, 325 reversible distillation trajectories of,
examples, 10 175–176, 177
m = n, method of product simplex for, 59–60 sharp extractive distillation, 186–187
m > n, method of product simplex for, 61–63 top product compositions, 117, 119
∞
Reg sub and Reg , 42, 59 liquid-liquid phase diagrams, 16
under infinite reflux for some ternary mixture Petlyuk columns for, 199
structures, 51 phase equilibrium of, 4
distillation theory review, 108–111 possible product regions of, 284