Page 24 - Distributed model predictive control for plant-wide systems

xxii List of Figures

Figure 11.1 Hot-rolled strip laminar cooling process 241
Figure 11.2 Desired temperature profile 242
Figure 11.3 The structure of DMPC framework for HSLC 244
Figure 11.4 The division of each subsystem 245
Figure 11.5 Comparison between the predictive CT and the measurement of CT 252
Figure 11.6 Initial states of process model and observer 252
Figure 11.7 Comparison of temperatures estimated by process model and observer 253
Figure 11.8 Performance comparison of different control strategies (centralized
MPC and DMPC framework proposed) 254
Figure 11.9 Flux of each header group with centralized MPC and DMPC framework
proposed 255
Figure 11.10 The cooling curve of each strip-point with existing method 256
Figure 11.11 The cooling curve of each strip-point with proposed DMPC framework 257
Figure 11.12 The structure of experimental system 257
Figure 11.13 Runout table pilot apparatus 258
Figure 11.14 Finishing rolling temperature of strip 258
Figure 11.15 Output of each closed-loop subsystem with DMPC framework 259
Figure 11.16 Flux of each header group with DMPC framework 260
Figure 12.1 Traction characteristics of the CRH2 [140] 265
Figure 12.2 Groups of CRH2 (“M” means motor coach and “T” means trailer coach) 266
Figure 12.3 Analysis of the force of the CRH2 267
Figure 12.4 Spring–mass model 267
Figure 12.5 The structure diagram of the distributed model predictive control 270
Figure 12.6 Half of the CRH2 EMUs schematic diagram 273
Figure 12.7 Velocity track 274
Figure 12.8 Driving force optimal scheduling 275
Figure 12.9 The relative displacement of the coaches 275
Figure 12.10 Velocity track of the first coach 276
Figure 12.11 Velocity track 276
Figure 12.12 Driving force optimal scheduling of the second coach 277
Figure 12.13 Driving force optimal scheduling of the third coach 277
Figure 13.1 Structure of joint cooling system 280
Figure 13.2 Control strategy of joint cooling system 281
Figure 13.3 Load forecasting curve 288
Figure 13.4 Comparison of power cost in every half an hour between the two
strategies 289
Figure 13.5 Simulation results of dynamic performance optimization 290