Page 28 - Distributed model predictive control for plant-wide systems

2 Distributed Model Predictive Control for Plant-Wide Systems

Figure 1.1 The wind farm
2. Multizone building temperature regulation system
Multizone building temperature regulation systems are a class of typical spatially
distributed systems, as shown in Figure 1.2, which are composed of many physically
interacted subsystems (rooms or zones) labeled as S , S , … , S , respectively. The
1 2 m
thermal influences between rooms of the same building occur through internal walls (the
internal walls’ isolation is weak) and/or door openings. A thermal meter and a heater
(or air conditioner) are installed in each zone, which is used to measure and adjust the
temperature of the multizone building.
3. Distributed power network
Power networks are large networks consisting of a large number of components. The
dynamics of the power network as a whole are the result of interactions between the
individual components. The generators produce power that is injected into the network on
the one side, while the loads consume power from the network on the other. If we consider
each power plant, load, and station as a subsystem, it is a typical distributed system, whose
subsystems interacted with each other and controlled separately.

In addition, since the number of players involved in the generation and distribution of power
has increased significantly, in the near future, the number of source nodes of the power dis-
tribution network will increase even further as large-scale industrial suppliers and small-scale
individual household will also start to feed electricity into the network. As a consequence, the
structure of the power distribution network will change into a much more decentralized system
with many generating sources and distribution agencies (Figure 1.3).