Page 10 - Educational Technology A Primer for the 21st Century

x Contents

2 Learning in the Context of Technologies .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33
2.1 Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34
2.2 Learning Theories .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34
2.2.1 Behaviorism.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35
2.2.2 Cognitivism .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37
2.2.3 Constructivism .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40
2.2.4 Other Learning Theories .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 42
2.3 Technology-Enhanced Learning .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44
References .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 48
3 Linking Learning Objectives, Pedagogies, and Technologies.. .. .. 49
3.1 Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 50
3.2 Linking Instructional Strategies to Learning Objectives .. .. .. . 50
3.2.1 Types of Learning Objectives .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 50
3.2.2 Instructional Strategies and Types of Learning
Objectives .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 52
3.3 Types of Technology for Educational Uses .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 57
3.3.1 Technologies for Inquiry.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 58
3.3.2 Technologies for Communication .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 59
3.3.3 Technologies for Construction
and Problem Solving .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 59
3.3.4 Technologies for Knowledge Representation .. .. .. .. 59
3.4 Principles for the Selection of Technology
for Educational Uses .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 60
References .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 61

Part II Perspectives of Educational Technology
4 Systems Perspective of Educational Technology .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 65
4.1 Introduction to Systems.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 66
4.2 Education Systems .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 68
4.3 Educational Technology from a System’s Perspective .. .. .. .. 70
4.3.1 Five Stages of Educational Technology .. .. .. .. .. .. 70
4.3.2 Typical Educational Technology Systems .. .. .. .. .. 70
References .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 76
5 Users Perspective of Educational Technology .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 77
5.1 Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 78
5.2 User Experience .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 78
5.3 User-Centered Design .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 80
5.4 Learner-Centered Design .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 83
5.5 The ARCS Model of Motivational Design .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 86
References .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 89