Page 105 - Effective Communication Soft Skills Strategies For Success by Nitin Bhatnagar, Mamta Bhatnagar

Project Name: Manual for Soft Skills
ACE Pro India Pvt. Ltd.
\\mtpdy01\Womat\Indesign\Bhatnagar-Manual for Soft skills\06-Pagination\06-A-Finals\06-AA-Appl\Bhatnagar_Chapter 05.indd

Models of Communication | 93

Bolton and cleaver Model (1949)
Many communication models assume that provided the message can be made
clear and strong, good communication will result because there are no signifi-
cant differences between senders and receivers. However, the Bolton-Cleaver
model assumes that every sender and receiver is different and that every
act of communication has to make allowances for these differences. The
differences are those that exist in every human being who communicates
like background, social standing, attitudes to other people/communicators,
experiences in communication, etc. To put it simply, these personality dif-
ferences can make messages mean exactly different to its receiver from what
the sender intended. A good example of this problem at its most acute is the
difficulty of describing emotions (love, joy, hatred, frustration etc.). Emotions
are intensely personal and are inescapably linked to a person’s background
and upbringing. This makes it very difficult to communicate them accurately
and we usually manage to get across only a part of the idea.

(a)
SIGNAL

S R
NOISE

The false assumption underline the Shannon-Weaver model—that
the Sender and Receiver are identical

(b)

SIGNAL
S R
NOISE

Figure 5.8
Bolton and Cleaver Model (1949)
Source: Everett Rogers and Francis Balle, 1985.
Wendell Johnson Model (1951)

One of the most insightful models and most clear is a model of interpersonal
communication which was proposed by Wendell Johnson.
The model indicates that communication takes place in a context which
is external to both speaker and listener and to the communication pro-
cess as well. Figure 5.9 with curved loop indicates that the various stages

Bhatnagar_Chapter 05.indd 93 2011-06-23 7:56:07 PM
Modified Date: Thu, Jun 23, 2011 06:22:39 PM Output Date: Thu, Jun 23, 2011 07:56:03 PM
TEMPLATE Page Number: PB