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                                                              Communication: Spoken English    |    227

                               •   The plural and past tense morphemes have different phonetic realiza-
                                  tions depending on the final sound of the word.
                               •   The unit that is next in hierarchy to the individual speech sound is
                                  called the syllable.
                               •   Depending  on  the  number  of  syllables,  words  can  be  classified  as
                                  mono, di, tri, and polysyllabic words.
                               •   Word accent in English is not unpredictable. Words belonging to cer-
                                  tain patterns are accented on a particular syllable. There are a set of
                                  rules, which help to place the accent on the right syllable.
                               •   Incorrect accentual patterns lead to unintelligible speech.
                               •   The  English  language  is  said  to  be  having  a  stress-timed  rhythm,
                                  where the prominent or stressed syllables tend to occur at regular
                                  intervals of time, irrespective of the number of weak or unaccented
                                  syllables between any two accented syllables.
                               •   The use of weak forms and contractions helps to a large extent to
                                  maintain the rhythm of the language.
                               •   Intonation is a feature of the spoken language.
                               •   No sentence, however carefully constructed grammatically, can con-
                                  vey the desired message unless it is said with the appropriate intona-
                                  tion. In the organization and communication of meaning, intonation
                                  is complementary to grammar. In all the three functions it performs,
                                  grammatical, attitudinal, and accentual, it conveys meaning in one
                                  sense or another.
                               •   Syntax and intonation make significant contributions to the overall
                                  interpretation of the composite message.
                               •   The  following  are  some  of  the  aids  that  help  learn  the  English
                                  language  in  all  its  complexities,  with  special  reference  to
                                  pronunciation:
                                  a.   English Pronouncing Dictionary
                                  b.   Language Laboratory and
                                  c.   Digital Dictionary



              Presentation Skills
                               •   Presentation is a way of communicating information and ideas to a
                                  group of people.
                               •   The determination of the precise objective of a presentation should
                                  precede its plan, research or organization.






       Bhatnagar_Chapter 09.indd   227                                                   2011-06-23   7:53:00 PM
             Modified Date: Thu, Jun 23, 2011 07:50:03 PM             Output Date: Thu, Jun 23, 2011 07:52:54 PM
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