Page 438 - Effective Communication Soft Skills Strategies For Success by Nitin Bhatnagar, Mamta Bhatnagar

Project Name: Manual for Soft Skills
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426 | Glossary ACE Pro India Pvt. Ltd.

Delayed reactions: Reactions that are consciously delayed while the situation is analyzed.
Dialect: A speech variant that is used by persons from a specific area or social class; dialects
may be different from the standard language in phonology, semantics, and syntax, but they
are intelligible to other speakers of the language.
Dissonance: A psychological state of discomfort created by having two elements (for example,
cognition or beliefs), one of which would not follow given the other.
Dyadic communication: Two person communication.
Dysfunctional effects of mass communication: Effects of the mass media that are not in
theinterests of the society.
Empathy: A feeling of another person’s feeling, or the mass media that are not in the interests
of the society.
Encoder: That which takes a message in one form and puts it into another form. In human
communication the encoder is the speaking mechanism. In electronic communication the
encoder is the telephone mouthpiece.
Encoding: The process of putting a message into a code.
Entropy: A measure of the extent of disorganization or randomness in a system. Entropy is
a measure of the degree of uncertainty that a destination has about the messages to be com-
municated by a source. Entropy is high if the number of possible messages is high and low if
the number of possible messages is low.
Ethicizing function of communication: The media’s function of providing viewers with a
collective ethic or ethical system.
Extemporaneous speech: A speech that is thoroughly prepared, organized in details, and in
which certain aspects of style are predetermined.
Feedback: Information that is fed back to the source. Feedback may come from the source’s
own message or from the receivers in the form of applause, questions, or letters to the editors
to the newspaper.
Field of experience: The sum total of an individual’s experiences which influences his or her
ability to communicate in some views of communication. Two people can only communicate
to the extent that their fields of experience overlap.
Group: A collection of individuals related to each other with some common purpose, and
with structure among them.
Impromptu speech: A speech which is delivered without any direct prior preparation.
Intrapersonal communication: Communication with oneself.
Kinesics: The study of the communicative dimension of facial and bodily movements.
Laissez faire leader: A group leader who allows the group to develop, progress, or make
mistakes on its own.
Language: The rules of syntax, semantics, and phonology; a potentially self- reflexive
structured system of symbols that catalogs the objects, events, and relations in the world.
Linguistics: The study of language; the study of the system of rules by which meanings are
paired with sounds.

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