Page 56 - Effective Communication Soft Skills Strategies For Success by Nitin Bhatnagar, Mamta Bhatnagar

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on the five essential elements in communication—source, channel, code,
receiver, and referent. Each of these components has a specific category of
speech associated with it.

Types of Speech and Their Functions
Emotive speech serves a psychological function and is readily used to express
the feelings, attitudes, or emotions of the speaker:
• Phatic speech, which creates social relationships.

• Cognitive speech, which makes reference to the real world and is
frequently referred to as referential, denotative, or informative.
• Rhetorical speech, which is also referred to as directive or connotative.
• Meta-lingual speech, which is used to talk not about the objects and
events in the real world but about speech itself.
• Poetic speech, which serves to structure the message to which it had
its primary orientation (DeVito 1978).

ORAL COMMUNICATION

It is the most common form of verbal communication. Speech is more
natural than writing and is the source of all languages. Oral communication
has distinct advantages over written communication. It is direct and personal;
it has a wide variety of styles ranging from highly formal to completely
informal. The grammar of spoken language is more flexible than the grammar
of written language; it is not permanent (unless tape recorded); it tells the
receiver more about the sender (through accent, dialect) and so on.

Facial Communication
The face indicates quite a number of things. It functions primarily as an
affect display system. No other communication system serves this function
as effectively or efficiently. The person, who is being communicated to, can
identify consistently and accurately the emotions of the communicator
through his facial expression. These facial expressions are usually a reliable
source of meaning provided the person communicated to can interpret or
understand:
• what the communicator’s facial expression could mean,
• how such meanings are apt to relate to the actual intentions and feel-
ings of the communicator, and

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