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eobf_E 7/5/06 3:00 PM Page 256

Equilibrium

Iowa Senator Tom Harkin speaks at a press conference addressing the Equal Pay Act, June 12, 2001 in Washington, D.C. ALEX
WONG/GETTY IMAGES

2006, from http://www.census.gov/Press- EQUITY THEORY
Release/www/releases/archives/income_wealth/005647.html SEE Motivation

U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (1997). The

Equal Pay Act of 1963. Retrieved February 17, 2006, from
ERGONOMICS
http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/epa.html Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker
and adapting the work environment to the needs of
humans. An overall goal of ergonomics is to promote
Lawrence F. Peters, Jr. health and safety and to optimize productivity.
The term ergonomics comes from the Greek words
ergon, meaning work, and nomos, meaning laws—thus,
laws of work. The study of ergonomics as a way to reduce
human error began in the military during the Korean War.
EQUILIBRIUM In planes used for pilot training, the eject button was
poorly placed and pilots sometimes accidentally ejected
SEE Supply and Demand themselves—often at too low an altitude for their para-

256 ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE, SECOND EDITION