Page 162 - Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

142 Energy from Toxic Organic Waste for Heat and Power Generation

Asbestos waste may be disposed of at:
(a) An active solid waste site which accepts municipal waste and which
has been approved by the authority for the disposal of asbestos waste;
(b) An industrial site that has been approved by the authority for the dis-
posal of asbestos waste; or
(c) A site which has been approved by the authority solely for the disposal
of asbestos waste.

10.3.2.3 Chromium
Chromium is used in a variety of forms in laboratories, most commonly
as chromic acid cleaning solution, a mixture of sulfuric acid and potassium
dichromate that makes a very strong agent for removal of organic material
from laboratory glassware.
The common methods of cadmium treatment were
(1) Chromium reduction method
(2) Ion exchange method

10.3.2.4 Cyanide
The main source of cyanide wastes originates from “drag-out” of plating
solutions into rinse tanks. These cyanide-containing wastes are extremely
toxic and must be before discharge into a sewer system. Cyanide waste treatment
is usually a two-stage process.

10.3.2.5 Lead
Lead is a significant toxic waste in the category of heavy metals. Lead does
not bioaccumulates and is not essential for biotic life. Lead may be pres-
ent in food and water and enters human body through ingestion. Mining,
smelting, glass industry, etc. are some of the sources of lead. Lead poisoning
is harmful to the human health and causes problems to the kidneys, joints,
and the reproductive system. It can also cause anemia and mental retardation
in children, sometimes can cause acute psychosis. Stabilization, incineration,
and landfilling of such solid wastes are carried out.

10.3.2.6 Cadmium
Cadmium, a heavy metal, is present in fuels, minerals, and food. Batteries
of Ni-Cd and PVC plastics are some of the sources of cadmium waste.
Cadmium is present in soil, which in turn is consumed by plants and then
by us in the form of food. Aquatic life has higher cadmium levels. Cadmium
causes lung diseases, cancers, and affects bones. Itai Itai, a degenerative bone
disease, is caused when calcium is replaced by cadmium in the bone.